Benjamin Franklin
- Amacher, Richard E. “Benjamin Franklin.” American Colonial Writers, 1606-1734. Ed. Emory Elliott. Detroit: Gale Research, 1984. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 24. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 6 Dec. 2010.
- Hornberger, Theodore. “Benjamin Franklin.” American Writers: A Collection of Literary Biographies. Ed. Leonard Unger. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1974. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 6 Dec. 2010.
- Lemay, J.A. Leo. Benjamin Franklin: A Documentary History. 1997. Web. 12 October 2008.
Thomas Paine
- Klemetti, Erik, et al. “Thomas Paine”. Ushistory.org. 5 July 1995. Web. 15 October 2010.
- Levernier, James A. “Thomas Paine: Overview.” Reference Guide to American Literature. Ed. Jim Kamp. 3rd ed. Detroit: St. James Press, 1994. Literature Resource Center. Web. 16 Oct. 2010.
- Kreis, Steven. “Thomas Paine, 1737-1809.” The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History. 11 Oct. 2006. Web. 15 Oct. 2010.
J. Hector St. Jean de Crévecoeur
- Arch, Stephen Carl. “The ‘Progressive Steps’ of the Narrator in Crèvecoeur’s Letters from an American Farmer.” Studies in American Fiction 18.2 (Autumn 1990): 145-158. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Edna Hedblad. Vol. 105. Detroit: Gale Group, 2002. Literature Resource Center. Web. 18 Oct. 2010.
- Grabo, Norman S. “Crèvecoeur’s American: Beginning the World Anew.” William and Mary Quarterly 48.2 (Apr. 1991): 159-172. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Edna Hedblad. Vol. 105. Detroit: Gale Group, 2002. Literature Resource Center. Web. 18 Oct. 2010.
- McElroy, John Harmon. “Michel Guillaume Jean de Crevecoeur.” American Writers of the Early Republic. Ed. Emory Elliott. Detroit: Gale Research, 1985. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 37. Literature Resource Center. Web. 18 Oct. 2010.
- Richards, Jeffrey H. “Revolution, Domestic Life, and the End of ‘Common Mercy’ in Crèvecoeur’s ‘Landscapes,’.” William and Mary Quarterly 55.2 (Apr. 1998): 281-296. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Edna Hedblad. Vol. 105. Detroit: Gale Group, 2002. Literature Resource Center. Web. 18 Oct. 2010.
Phillis Wheatley
- Bennett, Paula. “Phillis Wheatley’s Vocation and the Paradox of the ‘Afric Muse.’” PMLA 113.1 (1998): 64-76. JSTOR. Web.
Frederick Douglass
- “Frederick Douglass: A Light in Darkness.” Black History Bulletin 69.2 (2006): 4-7. Web. 26 Oct 2010.
- McClure, Kevin. “Frederick Douglass’ Use of Comparison in his Fourth of July Oration: A Textual Criticism.” Western Journal of Communication 64.4 (2000): 425-460. Web. 26 Oct 2010.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Moore, Paul Elmer. ”Emerson.” The Cambridge History of English and American Literature: An Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes. New York: Putnam, 1907-21. Bartleby.Com. 2000. Web. 28 Oct. 2010.
- Richardson, Robert. “Ralph Waldo Emerson.” Brandeis University. n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2010.
Margaret Fuller
- Kolodny, Annette. “Inventing a Feminist Discourse: Rhetoric and Resistance in Margaret Fuller’s Woman in the Nineteenth Century.” New Literary History: A Journal of Theory and Interpretation 25.2 (Spring 1994): 355-382. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Kathy D. Darrow. Vol. 211. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 6 Dec. 2010.
- Poe, Edgar A. “Sarah Margaret Fuller.” Godey’s Lady’s Book 33.5 (Aug. 1846): 72-75. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Laurie Lanzen Harris and Sheila Fitzgerald. Vol. 5. Detroit: Gale Research, 1984. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 6 Dec. 2010.
- Woodlief, Ann. “[Sarah] Margaret Fuller.” American Transcendentalism Web. n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2010.
Henry David Thoreau
- Walls, Laura Dassow. “Henry David Thoreau.” The American Renaissance in New England: Second Series. Ed. Wesley T. Mott. Detroit: Gale Group, 2000. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 223. Literature Resource Center. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.
Washington Irving
- Ferguson, Robert A. “Rip Van Winkle and the Generational Divide in American Culture.” Early American Literature 40.3 (2005): 529-44. Print.
- Pollard, Finn. “From Beyond the Grave and Across the Ocean: Washington Irving and the Problem of Being a Questioning American, 1809-20.” American Nineteenth Century History 8.1 (2007): 81-101. Print.
- Ringe, Donald A. “New York and New England: Irving’s Criticism of American Society.” American Literature 38.4 (1967): 455-67. Print.
- Wyman, Sarah. “Washington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle: A Dangerous Critique of American Society.” ANQ 23.4 (2010): 216-22. Print.
Nathaniel Hawthorne
- Becker, John E.: Hawthorne’s Historical Allegory. Port Washington: Kennikat Press, 1971.
- McKeithan, D. M. “Hawthorne’s ‘Young Goodman Brown’: An Interpretation.” Modern Language Notes 67.2 (1952): 93-96. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 6 Dec. 2010.
- Doubleday, Neal Frank. “Hawthorne’s Use of Three Gothic Patterns.” College English. 7.5 (1946): 250-62. JSTOR. Web. 8 December 2010.
- Paulits, Walter J. “Ambivalence in ‘Young Goodman Brown’.” American Literature 41.4 (Jan. 1970): 577-584. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Anna J. Sheets. Vol. 29. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 6 Dec. 2010.
Herman Melville
- Felheim, Marvin.”Meaning and Structure in Bartleby.” College English. 23.5 (1962): 369-76. Web. JSTOR. 29 Nov 2010.
- Mordecai, Marcus. “Melville’s Bartleby as a Psychological Double.” College English. 23.5 (1962): 365-68. Web. JSTOR. 29 Nov 2010.
Walt Whitman
- Allen, Gay Wilson. “Introduction.” Leaves Of Grass. 150th Anniversary ed. New York: Signet Classics, 2005. xxvii-lvii. Print.
- Pannapacker, William A. “Chronology of Whitman’s Life.” Walt Whitman Archive (1998): Web. 1 Dec 2010.
Emily Dickinson
- Christopher, Tom. “Emily Dickinson, Gardener.” Humanities 31.4 (2010): 16-52. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 2 Dec. 2010.
- Farr, Judith. The Gardens of Emily Dickinson. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004. Print.
- Lundin, Roger. Emily Dickinson and the Art of Belief. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 1998.
- Zapedowska, Magdalena. “Wrestling with Silence: Emily Dickinson’s Calvinist God.” ATQ 20.1 (2006): 379-398. America: History & Life. EBSCO. Web. 2 Dec. 2010.
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